Mass spectrometry in sports drug testing : characterization of prohibited substances and doping control analytical assays / Mario Thevis.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

History of sports drug testing -- Historical attempts of artificial performance enhancement -- Background and rationale of doping controls -- Cheating -- Health issues -- Ethical issues -- Early detection methods: possibilities and limitations of assays without mass spectrometry -- First applications using chemical and biological approaches in horse doping control -- First applications using chemical and biological approaches in horse doping control -- First applications using chemical approaches in human doping control -- Introduction of mass spectrometry to doping control analysis -- First approaches and adverse analytical findings -- Progressino of analytical methods -- Mass spectrometry and the list of prohibited substances and methods of doping -- Criteria for the mass spectrometric identification of prohibited compounds -- Low molecular weight analytes -- High molecular weight analytes -- Modern mass spectrometers in doping controls: advances and disadvantates of available techniques -- Ionization techniques in routine doping controls -- Mass analyzers in routine doping controls -- Structure characterization of low molecular weight target analytes--electron ionization -- Stimulants -- Narcotics -- Anabolic androgenic steroids -- Unsaturated 3-keto-steroids -- a, ß-saturated ketosteroids -- 3-keto-1,4-diene, 3-keto-4,6-diene, and 3-keto-4,9(11)-diene steroids -- Steroid derivatization -- Selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) -- 2-quinolinone-based SARMs -- Hydroxybicyclic hydantoin-derived SARMs -- Diuretics -- Thiazide-derived drugs -- Benzoic acid-derived loop diuretics -- Potassium-sparing diuretics -- ß₂-agonists -- ß-receptor blocking agents -- Calcium-channel modulators (RYCALS) -- Carbohydrate-based agents -- Mannitol -- Glycerol -- Hydroxyethl starch and dextran -- Structure characterization of low molecular weight target analytes: electrospray ionization -- Stimulants -- Narcotics -- Anabolic androgenic steroids -- z, ß-saturated 3-keto-steroids -- 3-keto-4-ene and 3keto-1-ene steroids -- 3-keto-1,4-diene steroids -- 3-keto-4,6-diene steroids -- 3-keto-4,9-diene steroids -- 3-keto-4,9,1-triene steroids -- Stanozolol -- Selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) -- Arylpropionamide-derived SARMs -- Hydroxybicyclic hydantoin-derived SARMs -- 2-quinolinone-derived SARMs -- Diuretics -- Thiazide-derived drugs -- Benzoic acid-derived loop diuretics -- Potassium-sparing diuretics -- ß₂-agonists -- Calcium-channel modulators (RYCALS) -- Peroxisome-proliferator activated receptor- (PPAR) and adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK) agonists -- Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-stabilizers and sirtuin activators -- HIF-stabilizers -- Sirtuin activators -- ß-receptor blocking agents -- Glucuronic acid and sulfate conjugates of target analytes.

Structure characterization of high molecular weight target analytes: electrospray ionization -- Human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) -- Erythropoietins (EPO) -- Synacthen -- Insulins -- Hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) -- Human growth hormone (hGH) -- Sermorelin (Geref) -- Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) -- Gonadorelin (LHRH) -- Modern mass spectrometry-based analytical assays -- GC-MS and isotope ratio mass spectrometry -- Stimulants/narcotics -- Anabolic androgenic steroids -- Diuretics -- ß₂-agonists and ß-receptor blocking agents -- Carbohydrate-based agents -- LC-MS/MS -- Stimulants/narcotics/ß₂-agonists/ß-receptor blocking agents -- Anabolic androgenic steroids/corticosteroids/hormone antagonists and modulators -- Masking agents (including diuretics) -- Peptide hormones <10kDa including insulins, synacthen, gonadorelin, IGF-1 -- Hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers -- Human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) -- Limitations and perspectives of mass spectrometry-based procedures in doping control analysis -- Recombinant biomolecules -- Erythropoietin -- Human growth hormone -- Human insulin and IFG-1 -- Unknown compounds -- Profiling of urine and/or blood -- Alternative specimens.

"This book provides a detailed overview about the mass spectrometry of numerous classes of therapeutics and agents relevant to doping control laboratories, the necessity of various analyzers enabling the detection of low- and high molecular weight drugs as well as the discrimination between endogenously produced and synthetically derived compounds. Typical assays including sample preparation, chromatographic separation and mass spectrometric analysis are presented highlighting the comprehensiveness of drug testing in modern doping control laboratories"--Provided by publisher.

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